在转述对话的时候,我们常用动词say一次又一次地使用。而he said、she said的用法在重复的使用下也显得乏味不堪。这种用法不仅老生常谈,而且叙述性页不强。为了更好地表达记叙文中的间接引语及其他陈述的情绪,使用表声音的动词与副词就显得尤为重要。表声音的动词与副词能够帮助表达出陈述、疑问和回复中所包含的动机,并向读者传达重要的信息。
每一个表声音动词和副词后面,都附有对其典型用法的简要描述,以及一个例句来陈述怎样用更具描述性的用法来替换he said、she said。
表声音的动词可以传达出陈述语气中包含的信息。例如,拟声动词moan(悲叹)能表达出以抱怨的语气或低声说出某事。根据不同陈述类型所表达出的意义,这些表声音动词可以进行以下分类。
Alison blurted out the answer.
Jack gasped in reaction to the scene.
I snapped a quick response to his question.
2.Provide Advice / Opinion
Pete cautioned the children to be careful.
The teacher observed that the exercise was difficult.
The driver warned his passengers about the noise.
She shouted out the answer.
The boys screamed as they dived into the cold water.
The mother cried out in disdain when her son was accused of the crime.
The following four vocal verbs are often used as a complaint.
Jack mumbled his responses to the questions.
He muttered so badly that they couldn't understand him.
I moaned that I was hurt.
5.Say with Authority / Command
The teacher announced the exam at the end of the week.
Jane asserted her rights as a voter.
The police ordered the protesters away from the area.
表声音的副词能够传达出陈述方式所包含的信息。表声音的副词常在说话者进行陈述时,用来表达其他附加信息。例如,表声音的副词joyfully表示高兴地说出某事。
例如:He joyfully exclaimed the news!(他高兴地宣布了这个消息!)表示说话人在陈述时非常愉快。而He arrogantly exclaimed the news.(他不可一世地宣布了这个消息)则传达出了另一种截然不同的说话者信息。
1.admiringly - indicates: respect for someone
Alice admiringly noticed his clothes.
2.angrily - indicates: with anger
She angrily denounced his crimes.
3.casually - indicates: without much importance
She casually conceded her mistake.
4.cautiously - indicates: in a careful manner
She cautiously mentioned the extra homework.
5.cheerfully - indicates: joy, happiness
Frank cheerfully agreed to do the job.
6.decisively - indicates: belief in statement made
Ken decisively replied to the question.
7.defiantly - indicates: challenge to something
Peter defiantly taunted his classmates.
8.formally - indicates: proper, correct
Josh formally complained to the personnel department.
9.gloomily - indicates: without much belief in something
I gloomily remarked that I was aware of the problem.
10.harshly - indicates: critical judgement
The teacher harshly scolded the children.
11.jealously - indicates: wanting something that someone else has
Mary jealously whined the wanted some of the ice cream.
12.meekly - indicates: without much conviction
Jennifer meekly mumbled her apology.
13.mysteriously - indicates: mystery, unexplained situations
Susan mysteriously warned us about the townin Utah.
14.offensively - indicates: rudeness
Alan offensively argued his point about schooling.
15.sadly - indicates: sadness
Thomas sadly observed that his business was bankrupt.
16.serenely - indicates: peace, complete belief in something
Alice serenely responded to the investigators questions.
17.shyly - indicates: without conviction, shyness
The customer shyly complained about the food to the manager.
18.sternly - indicates: authority
The teacher sternly stated that all reports were due on Friday.
19.thankfully - indicates: gratitude
Jane thankfully accepted the job offer.
20.wisely - indicates: wisdom, smart decision
Angela wisely commented on the situation.